Contusion, Strain, Sprain (soft tissue trauma) – Musculoskeletal Notes

Definition:

Soft tissue trauma involving muscles, tendons, ligaments, and connective tissue.

Types:

• Contusion (bruise)
• Strain (muscle/tendon)
• Sprain (ligament)

Contusion

• Bleeding into soft tissue due to blunt force trauma.
• May form a hematoma (localized collection of blood).

1. Mechanism:

• Capillary rupture → bleeding under skin
• Inflammatory response → swelling, discoloration, pain

2. Common Sites:

• Thigh (upper lateral or anterior)
• Face/orbit region
• Shoulders and arms (sports injuries)

3. Signs & Symptoms:

• Swelling
• Pain and tenderness
• Skin discoloration (blue → green → yellow)
• Limited movement (if deep)

4. Complications:

• Myositis ossificans (bone formation in muscle)
• Large hematoma compressing nerves or vessels

5. Treatment:

• RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
• Heat after 48–72 hours (to promote reabsorption)
• Analgesics, NSAIDs
• Drainage if large hematoma forms